Fish Island Preserve has a rich history that combines both natural and cultural elements. The island's core is a cultural midden—a prehistoric shell mound created by Native Americans at least 4,000 years ago. This midden, rich in calcium from oyster and clam shells, is located on the island's highest elevations. In the mid-1700s, Jesse Fish established a citrus grove here, likely drawn to the calcium-rich soil which is ideal for citrus cultivation.
What is a Maritime Hammock?
Before the citrus grove was established, the island's uplands were likely a maritime hammock, a type of coastal hardwood forest found on old dunes. These forests are close to estuaries and are influenced by salt spray and storms. They typically feature a dense canopy of large evergreen trees like live oaks and magnolias, a sub-canopy of smaller trees and shrubs, and a sparse ground layer. Maritime hammocks are crucial habitats for migratory songbirds, offering them food, shelter, and a place to rest. Today, the large hardwood trees on Fish Island are no more than 150 years old, as the original hammock was cleared for the citrus grove.
Common Tree Species:
- Live oak
- Southern magnolia
- Pignut hickory
- Slash and loblolly pine
- Carolina cherry
- Red cedar
- Red bay
- Cabbage palm
- Wild olive
- Yaupon and American holly
- Sugarberry
The preserve is a popular spot for nature enthusiasts, offering a shaded environment and excellent birdwatching opportunities, especially during the spring and fall migrations. Click on the bird images for more information.
